用英语和医生沟通：带着五行病史卡去看新医生
把旧病史压缩成五句，带上药盒和剂量，学会用英语和医生沟通：问清剂量、副作用和下次检查。
目录
十一年的哮喘病史，只要你选对那六句，就能浓缩成六句话，而大多数学习者并不知道。于是就诊就偏了方向：他们描述今天早上的咳嗽，医生问的问题又预设了一段没人提供的病史，处方只根据一半事实开出来。
这就是当病情已久、医生是新人时，用英语和医生沟通的方法：一张五行病史卡、想不起药名时可用的说法、关于剂量和副作用的问题、两段对话，以及十分钟练习。
为什么新医生需要的是这些年，而不只是今天
从未见过你的医生没有你的档案，也不记得你上一次的处方。用药核对从询问患者获得的病史开始，记录药名、剂量、频次和给药途径，通用名和商品名都要写下来。
NHS 的指导很明确：写下你最重要的两三个问题，带上所有药物清单，并注明症状何时开始、什么会让它加重。通常只预约十分钟，所以先讲五件事：病名、得了多久、你吃什么药和吃多少、最近一次检查、触发因素。清晰的清单，医生可以打断；一堆乱七八糟的信息，没人理得清。
五行病史卡
写在一张纸的一面，五行，拿在手里，而不是放在包里。
| 行 | 写什么 | 说什么 |
|---|---|---|
| 诊断 | 以前医生用的病名 | I was diagnosed with asthma. |
| 从何时开始 | 年份，以及是否变化 | I have had it since 2014, and it was stable until last winter. |
| 药物和剂量 | 药名、强度、多久一次、怎么用 | I take one puff of a preventer inhaler twice a day. |
| 最近检查 | 检查项目、时间、数值 | My last lung function test was in March and it was normal. |
| 触发因素 | 什么会诱发急性发作，什么能缓解 | Cold air and running set off my cough. |
凡是带数字的，都写上数字；卡片要自己用英语写，哪怕写得不好：亲手写能把这个顺序固定在你的记忆里。
当药品的英文名想不起来时
用一句话点出这个空缺：I am not sure how to say the name in English, but I have it written down.
然后把纸或药盒递过去：写下来的药名胜过发音。Here is the box. This is what I take.
如果你只有读音，就把它拼出来：It starts with an L. L-E-V-O-T-H-Y-R-O-X-I-N-E.
如果你连名字都没有，就描述这个东西：It is a small white tablet with a yellow stripe. 大多数处方药片都有压印代码，药剂师可以根据压印、形状和颜色辨认没有标签的药片。
商品名和通用名要分开说：The box says Euthyrox, but the pharmacy calls it levothyroxine. 把每一个容器都带上，包括滴剂、乳膏和吸入器。
询问剂量调整、副作用和下次检查
先用事实开场：My dose is 100 micrograms a day. Is that still the right dose for me?
给副作用标明时间，这样它才可查证：Since the dose went up in June, I have had trouble sleeping, about three nights a week. Could that be the medicine?
问清间隔，而不只是问检查：When should I have the next blood test, and who will call me?
最后复述一遍，因为只回答是或否的问题只会得到一个“是”：So I take half a tablet on Mondays and Wednesdays, and the full tablet the other days. Is that right?
长期病的首次就诊
- 医生：
Good morning. What can I do for you today? - 你：
I have moved here from another city, so I need a new doctor for my asthma. I have had it since 2014. - 医生：
And what are you taking at the moment? - 你：
One puff of a preventer twice a day, and a reliever when I need it. Here is the box. - 医生：
Any flare-ups lately? - 你：
Two in three months, both after running in cold air. My last test was normal. - 医生：
I will prescribe the same inhaler. Do you know how to use it? - 你：
Could you watch me do it once? And can I check I understood: same inhaler, two puffs a day, review in six months.
复诊以更换药物
- 医生：
How have the last three months been? - 你：
Better in the daytime, but I have had a dry cough every night since we increased the dose in June. - 医生：
Every night? - 你：
About five nights a week. The leaflet lists a cough as a side effect, so I wanted to ask. - 医生：
It does. We could try a different inhaler rather than a lower dose of this one. - 你：
What would change, and how long before I know whether it is working? - 医生：
Two to four weeks. Keep the reliever, and tell me if the cough has not gone. - 你：
So I start the new inhaler tomorrow, keep the reliever, and the blood test is in eight weeks. Could you write that down?
进诊室前十分钟大声朗读
默读卡片不是练习；大声说出来才是。
- 第一、二分钟：把卡片从头到尾大声读两遍，不要停下来纠正某个词。
- 第三、四分钟：按顺序凭记忆说出五行，漏掉一行就从头再来。
- 第五、六分钟：只大声朗读第一段对话里你自己的台词。
- 第七、八分钟：用手机录六十秒，听自己在哪儿卡住。
- 第九、十分钟：说出你必须问的三个问题，然后说那句补救话：
Sorry, could you say that again more slowly?
数字要按就诊时的完整说法说：one hundred micrograms、seven point one、two puffs twice a day。如果某个词还是想不起来，就从卡片上读出来。首次就诊时照着卡片读很正常。
常见问题
当我打电话给诊所预约时，用英语应该说什么？
准备好同样的五行，在问题开始前先说出来：I am calling about my asthma. My name is Ana Ruiz, and my date of birth is the third of May, 1990. 问清楚你在和谁通话、对方能安排什么。把时间复述回去，听不清的词绝不要猜：I am sorry, the line is not clear. Could you repeat the appointment time?
我该怎么用英语向新医生说明我的药物和剂量？
每次都用一句三部分的话：药名、强度、时间安排。I take levothyroxine, 100 micrograms, one tablet every morning before breakfast. 然后补充你忘记服药时怎么做，以及你已经停用了什么，因为如果医生以为你完全按时服药，就会误读下一次检查。