雅思寫作task 1範文:雙地圖題的四句概述與三區比較法
雙地圖題不必逐棟盤點。這篇雅思寫作task 1範文以四句概述與三個區域示範如何比較變化、避開流水帳,並用被動語態與精準方位詞回應評分標準。

目錄
同一個地點的兩張地圖、二十分鐘,以及一位從左上角開始、看到第一棟建築就動筆的考生。寫了四十個字之後,他們還在列停車場,而佔去大部分分數的概述卻還沒寫。
地圖題獎勵的是比較,不是盤點。考官想看到你能挑出重要變化,並用準確、多變的語言表達。這是一套以四句概述與三個區域為核心的雅思寫作task 1範文答題法。
地圖題真正看重的是什麼
Task Achievement 問的是你有沒有涵蓋關鍵特徵並寫出概述。對地圖題來說,關鍵特徵是變化,不是內容。
Coherence 問的是答案有沒有組織。地圖題可以按區域或按變化類型自然分組,只要你堅守同一種分法,兩者都可行。
Lexical resource 要求的是描述變化的語言:replaced、extended、converted、removed、added。Grammatical range 要求被動語態與過去式,因為大多數變化是發生在這個地方身上,而不是由這個地方主動完成。
以上沒有一項要求你提到每一棟建築。取捨本身就是任務的一部分。
先寫概述,用四句話就夠
先寫概述,再寫細節。四句話幾乎可以涵蓋任何一組地圖。
第一句:整體方向。The village changed from a small fishing settlement into a resort with tourist facilities.
第二句:什麼變多了。The area given to accommodation and leisure expanded considerably.
第三句:什麼消失了。The fishing infrastructure was removed entirely.
第四句:什麼保留下來。The main road and the church remained in their original positions.
把這段放在引言正後面。它不是放在結尾的摘要;在 Task 1 裡,它屬於文章前段。

選三個區域,其餘略過
把兩張地圖都分成三個區域:例如道路以北、道路以南,以及水岸。然後每個區域用兩到三句話描述。
| 區域 | 1990 | 今天 | 要寫的一句話 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 道路以北 | 農地、兩棟小屋 | 飯店與停車場 | The farmland north of the road was built on. |
| 水岸 | 碼頭、船棚 | 遊艇碼頭、餐廳 | The boat sheds were replaced by a restaurant. |
| 道路以南 | 學校、操場 | 學校擴建、操場保留 | The school was extended, while the field was unchanged. |
三個區域、三個比較,答案就能涵蓋關鍵特徵,而不必把每棟結構都列出來。
拿下分數的動詞與被動語態
replaced, converted into, extended, demolished, constructed, converted, widened, relocated, kept, retained。
把它們用在被動語態:the sheds were demolished, the field was retained。被動不是裝飾;當動作執行者未知或不重要時,它就是自然的形式,而地圖題正好就是這種情況。
加入精確的位置語言:to the north of, along the eastern edge, opposite the pier, adjacent to the car park。位置的準確性,是地圖題能加分、而圖表題通常不要求的少數項目之一。

一組村落圖的完整答案
The two maps show a coastal village in 1990 and the same village today.
Overall, the settlement changed from a fishing village into a small resort: the waterfront became recreational, the farmland north of the road was built on, and the road and church were retained.
North of the main road, the two cottages and the farmland that surrounded them were replaced by a hotel with a car park. The lane leading to the farmland was widened and is now the hotel entrance.
Along the waterfront, the pier was extended and the boat sheds were demolished. A restaurant was constructed where the sheds stood, and the quay was paved.
South of the road, the school was extended with an additional building, while the playing field was kept and is now used by both the school and the hotel. The church and the main road remained unchanged.
四段、約 190 字,而且每一句都在比較兩種狀態,而不是只描述其中一種。
這道題最容易出錯的三種方式
只描述第二張地圖。比較才是答案;單一狀態的描述,Task Achievement 不可能高於 band 5。
列清單而不分組。二十棟建築寫成二十個短句,讀起來就是清單,這會被連貫性評分標準扣分。
自行編造原因。They built the hotel because tourism increased 不在資料裡。描述變化就好;不要解釋變化。
常見問題
兩張地圖的概述要怎麼寫?
四句話:變化的整體方向、什麼擴張了、什麼消失了,以及什麼保持不變。把它放在引言之後,而不是結尾;並保持概括,因為具體數字和建築名稱屬於細節段落。
需要描述地圖上的每一棟建築嗎?
不需要。選三個區域,每個區域用兩到三句比較句描述,其餘略過。Task Achievement 重視的是關鍵變化的涵蓋與清楚的概述,不是鉅細靡遺的清單;而逐項清單通常會吃掉你原本需要拿來寫比較語言的字數。

